Without a doubt, one of the main reasons I chose the tour to the Tourist Triangle including Agra is the Taj Mahal. It is supposed to be the best example of the blend of Islamic, Persian,
Ottoman Turkish and Indian architectural styles and has been called "the jewel of Muslim art in India" and one of the universally admired masterpieces of the world's heritage. According to Begley, an expert on Indian architecture, it is likely that the diagram of "Plain of
Assembly" (
Ard al-Hashr) on the Day of Judgment by Sufi mystic and
philosopher Ibn Arabi (ca. 1238) was a source of inspiration for the
layout of the Taj Mahal garden.
Ibn Arabi was held in high regard at the
time and many copies of the Futuhat al-Makkiyya, that contains the
diagram, were available in India. The diagram shows the '
Arsh (Throne of
God; the circle with the eight pointed star), pulpits for the righteous
(
al-Aminun), seven rows of angels, Gabriel (
al-Ruh),
A'raf (the
Barrier), the
Hauzu'l-Kausar (Fountain of Abundance; the semi-circle in
the center),
al-Maqam al-Mahmud (the Praiseworthy Station; where the
prophet Muhammad will stand to intercede for the faithful),
Mizan (the
Scale),
As-Sirāt (the Bridge),
Jahannam (Hell) and
Marj al-Jannat
(Meadow of Paradise). The general proportions and the placement of the
Throne, the pulpits and the
Kausar Fountain show striking similarities
with the Taj Mahal and its garden.
My first glimpse of the entrance of Taj Mahal: two towers topped by 11 chittras in the middle guarded by two minarets, the central gate flanked by 2 symmetrical pishtaqs (a Persian term for a portal projecting from
the facade of a building usually decorated with calligraphy
bands, glazed tilework, and geometric designs) on each side.This type of form is commonly
associated with Islamic architecture but was invented much earlier in
Mesopotamia ( present day Iraq), around the third century of the Parthian Persian period.